Most parents will not outright say no to letting the youngest member of the household get some television or smartphone time. It is often been viewed as a somewhat convenient tool when it comes to occupying a child's attention. However, an excess of screen time is of particular concern when it comes to toddlers because there are a host of consequences that can affect both physical and mental development at such a young age.
Photo: Active Health
What are the consequences?
When toddlers spend more time in front of screens, they tend to sleep later at night which can lead to them losing out on quality sleep, regardless of the number of naps taken. For every extra hour that your toddler spends on a device, he or she could be losing up to 15 minutes of sleep overall. Bear in mind that a healthy toddler should get up to 14 hours of sleep a day.
Playing games or watching shows on screens is a highly sedentary activity, and long hours of these in early childhood can lead to weight issues as your toddler grows up. While we all love a chubby and squishy baby, childhood obesity is indeed a rising pandemic and is not something to be taken lightly.
Difficulty in Socialising
Children learn social behaviour and develop emotionally through play and interaction, much like how animals do in the wild. The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that helps us navigate their way through social situations, such as reading non-verbal cues and interpreting vocal tones and expressions. When toddlers spend more time on their screens than interacting with others in real life, the development of the frontal lobe is impeded. This can lead to young kids having difficulty in discerning the virtual world from the real world, and this makes them behave passively in real life as they do with their screens.
Delay in Picking up Languages
There is a general misconception that we can teach our kids English or other mother tongue languages by letting them watch educational programmes. However, kids don't actually learn effectively from virtual programmes until they're at least 2.5 years of age. Furthermore, such programmes rarely encourage the kids to try speaking on their own. In fact, American research has found that every 30 minutes of extra screen time on a mobile device translates to a 50% higher risk of a child experiencing delayed speech.
Hindered Learning Ability
The passive nature of consuming content from a screen makes it nearly impossible for toddlers to engage in any cognitive processing. Screens are also a very two-dimensional way of letting kids learn things. Remember those touch-and-feel books that you sometimes find in the children's section of the library? Toddlers need to exercise their five senses in order to truly learn about the environment around, either through touching different materials or smelling things to engage the senses of sight and sound.
Shift in Mindset
For toddlers, growing up in the world where every prod gets an instantaneous reaction from the screen can end up distorting their world view as they grow older. Mobile games thrill kids because every time they touch the phone, it rewards them with an instantaneous response and a rush of pleasure via dopamine. Normalising instances such as this can lead to unhealthy expectations in terms of instant gratification and could affect how your toddler makes choices later on in life.
In terms of guidelines, here is the general consensus:
Now, you may start wondering: should I even allow my toddler any screen time at all? While it is ultimately a matter of personal choice, completely banning your beloved child from the screen is not 100% necessary. There are certain instances when screen time is not a bad thing, but it is crucial to be able to clearly distinguish the fine line that exists between what is considered acceptable and unacceptable.
When It is Okay to Have Screen Time
There is a term for this: joint media engagement. This occurs when parents actively involve themselves in the child's screen time, such as by explaining what is on the screen or asking questions to drive further thinking. This will your help your little one process and think about what they are seeing, thus adding another dimension to the otherwise 2D content they are consuming.
Introducing your toddler to the concept of video calls might bewilder them at first, but it is a step that can and should be taken. First of all, it helps your child build loving bonds with a relative or grandparent who lives far away. Video calls can also have the added advantage of allowing the young ones to pick up new words or practice their listening and interaction skills, as the person on the other end speaks directly to the child and attempts to establish a connection.
As kids are known for picking things up at the speed of light, it is important to vet the quality of the kind of media they tend to consume. Open-ended apps are one form of educational material that experts support. Compared to linear apps where toddlers can only follow a set sequence of events, open-ended apps are great because they foster creativity and an adventurous spirit in kids, and even gives them the opportunity to role play in certain instances (which all kids love). Examples of such games are sandbox ones where kids are encouraged to design a world or landscape in their own image, or even those that involve rudimentary coding.
Create a Healthy Home Environment
Lead by Example
Toddlers are extremely observant and pick up behaviours from what they see. Those living in the household who interact with them most, be it yourself or a domestic helper, should avoid using mobile devices when it is non-designated screen time for kids, because they will be sure to notice and ask questions. Putting our devices aside also allows us to devote our undivided attention to helping our kids explore and interact with the world around them.
Establish Opportunities for Independent Play
Allocate some time every day for your child to engage in some independent play, which helps toddlers to learn to concentrate, focus and build confidence. It is important to start when they're young and give them the freedom to explore and create their own fun. The best materials you can provide are open-ended or role-playing toys such as building blocks, dress-up materials and fake food.
Photo: Active Health
At such a young age, everything that your toddler interacts with can have an impact on their long-term development. This is why the relationship between toddlers and technology is one that must be governed with care and caution in order to maintain some measure of balance. Taking an extreme stance will not be very beneficial to both parties, so finding a happy middle ground is key!